Agent in the passive

B1 · Intermediate · Advanced Structures

The rule

von + dative for agent, durch for means.

How it works

In a passive sentence the doer can be named with von plus dative: Das Buch wurde von einer Autorin geschrieben. A means or cause is expressed with durch (through, by means of) and often with the accusative or dative. Use von for people and durch for things or means, and omit the agent when it is unimportant.

When to use it

Name who performed the action with von + dative, or the means with durch.

Use cases

Examples

Common mistake

Using durch for a person doing the action: "von dem Mann" is right; "durch den Mann" is not.

Memory tip

Von = by a person (von dem Lehrer). Durch = by means of something (durch den Regen).

Related grammar topics

All grammar topics · B1 grammar