Causal expressions

B2 · Upper-Intermediate · Style & Precision

The rule

weil, da, denn, wegen, aufgrund, infolge.

How it works

German has several ways to give reasons. Weil and da introduce subordinate clauses with the verb at the end. Denn introduces a main clause and does not change the word order. Wegen, aufgrund and infolge are followed by a genitive noun phrase and are common in formal writing: Aufgrund des Wetters bleibt der Park geschlossen.

When to use it

Explain reasons with weil, da, denn, wegen, aufgrund and infolge, which differ in style and word order.

Use cases

Examples

Common mistake

Using weil with main-clause word order. Weil sends the verb to the end; denn is a main-clause connector and does not change the word order.

Memory tip

Weil and da send the verb to the end. Denn does not change the word order.

Read the wider picture in our guide: German Verbs and Word Order: Tenses, Modals and Sentence Structure.

Related grammar topics

All grammar topics · B2 grammar