Passive substitutes

B2 · Upper-Intermediate · Style & Precision

The rule

man; sich lassen + infinitive; sein + zu + infinitive.

How it works

German has several ways to express a passive idea without werden. Man plus an active verb is the most common ("Hier spricht man Deutsch"). Sich lassen plus infinitive expresses possibility ("Das lässt sich machen"). Sein plus zu plus infinitive expresses necessity or possibility ("Das ist leicht zu machen"). These substitutes sound more natural in many contexts.

When to use it

Avoid the passive with man, sich lassen + infinitive or sein + zu + infinitive, which all express possibility or doability.

Use cases

Examples

Common mistake

Using werden where sein + zu or sich lassen is more natural.

Memory tip

Das lässt sich machen = That can be done. Das ist zu machen = That has to be done.

Read the wider picture in our guide: German Verbs and Word Order: Tenses, Modals and Sentence Structure.

Related grammar topics

All grammar topics · B2 grammar