Position of "nicht" in complex clauses

B2 · Upper-Intermediate · Style & Precision

The rule

Before the verb complement or participle.

How it works

In sentences with several parts, nicht stands before the element it negates. In sentences with a complex verb, such as a perfect tense with a participle or a modal with an infinitive, nicht usually comes before the participle or infinitive: Ich habe das nicht gewusst; Ich kann nicht kommen. If the whole clause is negated, nicht goes before the last element.

When to use it

Place nicht in longer sentences, usually before the verb complement or participle it negates.

Use cases

Examples

Common mistake

Placing nicht at the end of the clause when it should come before a word or phrase.

Memory tip

Put nicht before what is negated: Ich habe das nicht gewusst.

Read the wider picture in our guide: German Verbs and Word Order: Tenses, Modals and Sentence Structure.

Related grammar topics

All grammar topics · B2 grammar