Prepositions of place: in, auf, an
A1 · Beginner · Basics
The rule
in = inside, auf = on top, an = at a vertical surface or edge.
How it works
The prepositions in, auf and an express position. In means inside or within a space, auf means on top of a surface or in an open area, and an means at or against a vertical surface or an edge. These prepositions take the dative for location and the accusative for movement toward the place.
When to use it
Describe where something is with in, auf and an, depending on whether it is inside, on top of or at an edge.
Use cases
- Describing where things are in a room: Das Bild hängt an der Wand
- Talking about towns and places: Ich wohne auf dem Land
- Describing location in a building: Der Schlüssel liegt im Schrank
Examples
- Das Buch liegt auf dem Tisch – The book lies on the table
- Die Lampe hängt über dem Tisch. – The lamp hangs over the table.
- Die Tasse steht auf dem Regal. – The cup stands on the shelf.
- Er steht an der Tür. – He stands at the door.
Common mistake
Using auf for "in" (inside a room) or in for "on" (on a table).
Memory tip
in = inside, auf = on a surface, an = against a vertical surface or at an edge.