Konjunktiv II – wishes

B1 · Intermediate · Advanced Structures

The rule

würde + infinitive, or special forms hätte, wäre.

How it works

The Konjunktiv II (subjunctive II) expresses wishes, polite requests and unreal situations. For sein, haben and the modal verbs, it has special forms: wäre, hätte, könnte, müsste, würde. For most other verbs, würde plus the infinitive is used: Ich würde gern nach Italien fahren. The forms sound softer and more polite than the indicative.

When to use it

Express wishes, polite requests and unreal situations with the Konjunktiv II, often using würde plus the infinitive.

Use cases

Examples

Common mistake

Using würde for sein, haben and modal verbs, where the special forms wäre and hätte are correct.

Memory tip

Use hätte, wäre, könnte, würde + infinitive: "Ich würde gern kommen."

Read the wider picture in our guide: German Verbs and Word Order: Tenses, Modals and Sentence Structure.

Related grammar topics

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